Aga mida see endast kujutab?
Sattusin üle pika aja lugema Marko Mihkelsoni blogi ning seal oli viide Konstantin Kossatšjovi artiklile An insult to our war dead. Tark mees, nagu Riigiduuma väliskomisjoni esimees on, mainis oma tekstis nii fashismi kui natsismi. Korraga. Ja seoses sellega ei saa ma kuidagi unustada seda, kuidas üldse vene võimu juures ja selle kõrval olijad on läbi aegade (vähemalt 20. ja 21. sajandi jooksul) eestlasi üksmeelselt fashistideks nimetanud. Ajaloolise tõe huvides otsustasin asjas veidi selgust tuua ning uurida veidi fashismi olemust. Et kas neil on jätkuvalt põhjust meid nii nimetada või miks meid nii nimetatakse.
"... fascism is a reactionary ideology. It took shape in the years following World War I as a reaction against the two leading ideologies of the time, liberalism and socialism. Unhappy with the liberal emphasis on the individual and the socialist emphasis on contending social classes, the fascists provided a view of the world in which individuals and classes were to be absorbed into an all-embracing whole - a mighty empire under the control of a single party and a supreme leader. /.../
... fascists so not reject democracy, liberalism, and socialism in order to turn the clock back to a time when society was rooted in ascribed status, with church, king, and aristocracy firmly in power. On the contrary, many fascists have been openly hostile to religion, and few of them have had any respect for hereditary monarchs and aristocrats. Nor have they sought to return to the old, established ways of life. On the contrary, facsism in its most distinctive forms has been openly revolutionary, eager not only to change society, but to change it dramatically. /.../ So, too, does the fascist plan to concentrate power in the hands of a totalitarian state led by a single party and a supreme leader." (p. 187-188)
Ball, T., Dagger, R. Political ideologies and the democratic ideal. New York, 1999.
"Fascism is a form of extreme right-wing ideology that celebrates the nation or the race as an organic community transcending all other loyalties. It emphasizes a myth of national or racial rebirth after a period of decline or destruction. To this end, fascism calls for a "spiritual revolution" against signs of moral decay such as individualism and materialism, and seeks to purge "alien" forces and groups that threaten the organic community. Fascism tends to celebrate masculinity, youth, mystical unity, and the regenerative power of violence. Often, but not always, it promotes racial superiority doctrines, ethnic persecution, imperialist expansion, and genocide. At the same time, fascists may embrace a form of internationalism based on either racial or ideological solidarity across national boundaries. Usually fascism espouses open male supremacy, though sometimes it may also promote female solidarity and new opportunities for women of the privileged nation or race."
Lyons, M.N. What is fascism? : some general ideological features
Tulemus? Põhimõtteliselt nimetaksin neid endid sama nimega. Ning on teada, et fashism (sh. natsionalism) ja nõukogude võim (ebaõnnestunud kommunism) olid teoorias oma olemuselt nii kuratlikult sarnased [vastuväited palun esitada 10-punktise loeteluna ja sinna juurde põhjendused].
Kui võtta aluseks esimene tekst, siis tuleb tõdeda, et Venemaa on ise fashismile kaldumise äärel. Loodan siiski, et riik sellesse ei lange.
"... fascism is a reactionary ideology. It took shape in the years following World War I as a reaction against the two leading ideologies of the time, liberalism and socialism. Unhappy with the liberal emphasis on the individual and the socialist emphasis on contending social classes, the fascists provided a view of the world in which individuals and classes were to be absorbed into an all-embracing whole - a mighty empire under the control of a single party and a supreme leader. /.../
... fascists so not reject democracy, liberalism, and socialism in order to turn the clock back to a time when society was rooted in ascribed status, with church, king, and aristocracy firmly in power. On the contrary, many fascists have been openly hostile to religion, and few of them have had any respect for hereditary monarchs and aristocrats. Nor have they sought to return to the old, established ways of life. On the contrary, facsism in its most distinctive forms has been openly revolutionary, eager not only to change society, but to change it dramatically. /.../ So, too, does the fascist plan to concentrate power in the hands of a totalitarian state led by a single party and a supreme leader." (p. 187-188)
Ball, T., Dagger, R. Political ideologies and the democratic ideal. New York, 1999.
"Fascism is a form of extreme right-wing ideology that celebrates the nation or the race as an organic community transcending all other loyalties. It emphasizes a myth of national or racial rebirth after a period of decline or destruction. To this end, fascism calls for a "spiritual revolution" against signs of moral decay such as individualism and materialism, and seeks to purge "alien" forces and groups that threaten the organic community. Fascism tends to celebrate masculinity, youth, mystical unity, and the regenerative power of violence. Often, but not always, it promotes racial superiority doctrines, ethnic persecution, imperialist expansion, and genocide. At the same time, fascists may embrace a form of internationalism based on either racial or ideological solidarity across national boundaries. Usually fascism espouses open male supremacy, though sometimes it may also promote female solidarity and new opportunities for women of the privileged nation or race."
Lyons, M.N. What is fascism? : some general ideological features
Tulemus? Põhimõtteliselt nimetaksin neid endid sama nimega. Ning on teada, et fashism (sh. natsionalism) ja nõukogude võim (ebaõnnestunud kommunism) olid teoorias oma olemuselt nii kuratlikult sarnased [vastuväited palun esitada 10-punktise loeteluna ja sinna juurde põhjendused].
Kui võtta aluseks esimene tekst, siis tuleb tõdeda, et Venemaa on ise fashismile kaldumise äärel. Loodan siiski, et riik sellesse ei lange.
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